Fibroids also referred to as uterine leiomyomas, are non-cancerous uterine growths. While most women with fibroids don’t experience symptoms, others may have heavy periods, pelvic pain, or infertility. The decision to try fibroid treatment should be based on an individual’s requirements and goals. Women should think about the possible advantages and risks of each treatment choice, as well as recovery time, fertility preservation, and long-term consequences.
It is also crucial to note that fibroids can return after treatment, necessitating extending monitoring and care. Women should continue to see their doctors on a frequent basis to verify that their fibroids are not creating issues and to address any new symptoms or issues. There are several different treatment options available for fibroids, each with its own pros and cons.
1. Watchful waiting
Women with fibroids who do not exhibit any symptoms are frequently advised to practice watchful waiting. This includes frequent ultrasounds or MRI scans to check that the fibroids are not developing or creating any complications.
The benefit of watchful waiting is that it is a non-invasive method that does not necessitate any medical intervention. However, it may not be appropriate for women who have symptoms or big fibroids that are at risk of developing difficulties.
2. Medications
Medications such as hormonal birth control pills or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHas) may be used to treat fibroids symptoms. Hormonal birth control pills function by controlling the menstrual cycle and minimizing the quantity of bleeding during periods.
GnRHas act by temporarily reducing fibroids by decreasing the synthesis of estrogen and progesterone. The benefit of medications is that they are non-invasive and can give symptom alleviation. However, they do not address the underlying fibroids and may cause complications like hot flashes, low moods, or reduced bone density.
3. Myomectomy
Myomectomy is a surgical treatment that removes fibroids while leaving the uterus alone. This surgical procedure is frequently suggested for women who want to maintain their fertility or who have big or many fibroids causing problems.
The benefit of myomectomy is that it can relieve symptoms while maintaining the uterus for future pregnancies. However, it is a more invasive surgery with a longer recovery period than other fibroid treatment options. Moreover, there is a chance that the fibroids will come again after the procedure.
4. Uterine artery embolization
Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a minimally invasive procedure that involves cutting off the fibroids’ blood supply, which causes them to shrink and die. Women who want to avoid surgery or protect their fertility may benefit from this type of treatment.
The benefit of UAE is that it is a minimally invasive procedure that does not require general anesthesia or a hospital stay. However, treatment may not be useful for women who have large or many fibroids, and there is a risk of negative effects such as infection, bleeding, or organ damage.
5. Hysterectomy
A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure in which the whole uterus is removed, including the fibroids. This surgery is usually recommended for women who have had their children and choose not to maintain their fertility.
The benefit of a hysterectomy is that it is a permanent procedure that can offer total relief from symptoms while also preventing fibroids from returning. However, it is a substantial procedure that necessitates a prolonged recovery period and may result in complications such as early menopause or sexual dysfunction.
6. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound
Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a non-invasive approach that heats and destroys fibroids using high-frequency ultrasound electromagnetic waves. Women who want to avoid surgery or protect their fertility may benefit from this therapy.
The advantage of MRgFUS is that it is a non-surgical method that does not require any incisions or anesthesia. However, treatment may not be useful for women with large or numerous fibroids, and problems such as skin burns or nerve damage are possible.
